Geomechanics.io

Asbestos management consultancy Acorn Analytical Services has appointed Ben James as commercial manager to lead its sales team and secure larger, more complex consultancy and removal projects. James, a former apprentice carpenter and joiner, moved into asbestos work in his early twenties after his grandfather died from asbestosis and has since progressed from trainee asbestos surveyor to contract manager over nine years. He will oversee new technical enquiries, key account management and site visits, and is qualified to deliver asbestos awareness, non-licensed removal and duty-to-manage training under a Level 3 teaching qualification.

Homes on Benbuck View and Dunmoss View in Coalsnaughton, Clackmannanshire are to be demolished after Mining Remediation Authority investigations confirmed historic underground workings had caused active mine subsidence beneath the two streets. The decision follows visible ground movement reported on 18 May and subsequent detailed geotechnical assessments that ruled out practical stabilisation options for the affected plots. Engineers will now need to manage demolition, backfilling and long-term ground monitoring, with implications for foundations and service corridors on adjacent properties built over former coal measures.

A major fire at LondonEnergy’s Wembley Waste Transfer Station on Hannah Close, Neasden, has required 20 fire engines and about 125 firefighters to bring the blaze under control. The incident at the enclosed waste-handling facility raises immediate concerns over structural integrity of steel frames, cladding performance under high thermal loads, and potential damage to concrete slabs from prolonged heating and quenching. Engineers will need rapid assessment of fire spread pathways through waste stockpiles and building services to inform repairs, resilience upgrades and future fire-separation design.

Plans for a 5m tall wildlife tower at Nuclear Waste Services’ Low Level Waste Repository (LLWR) in Cumbria set out a dedicated habitat structure within an active nuclear waste site, integrating ecological features into a highly regulated industrial landscape. The tower will be sited within the LLWR perimeter, requiring careful foundation design and construction sequencing around existing low-level waste vaults and engineered cap systems. For civil and geotechnical teams, the scheme signals growing expectations to incorporate biodiversity structures into nuclear and hazardous waste infrastructure without compromising containment performance.

Flash flooding in Birmingham on 27 August, triggered by intense short‑duration rainfall on parched, largely impermeable urban surfaces, overwhelmed a combined sewer network sized for historic return periods rather than today’s convective storm patterns. Drainage specialists are calling for a “surface‑first” strategy using blue‑green infrastructure such as swales, rain gardens and permeable paving to attenuate runoff before it reaches pipes. For designers, the event reinforces the need to prioritise exceedance routing, overland flow paths and retrofit SuDS over simply upsizing buried sewers.

Envirocall is converting all 19 asbestos decontamination units to off‑grid solar power systems engineered with D G Electrical Services, removing dependence on mains electricity at site. Each three‑stage DCU comprises a dirty zone for stripping contaminated PPE and tools, a hot/cold shower section for fibre removal, and a clean area for redressing, with the new solar arrays and storage sized to run showers, lighting and ventilation autonomously. The move enables DCU deployment on remote or constrained sites where temporary grid connections or diesel generators are costly or impractical.

Adelaide University researchers are stress‑testing Australia’s transport networks against severe and extreme weather using the Federal Government’s first National Climate Risk Assessment (NCRA) as a baseline and extending it to state and council level assets. The work focuses on road and coastal infrastructure in councils such as the City of Holdfast Bay, examining failure modes under compound hazards like storm surge plus fluvial flooding and prolonged heatwaves. Findings are feeding into corridor‑scale adaptation options, including revised pavement design lives, drainage capacity upgrades and relocation or armouring of low‑lying links.

A slope collapse at an open pit gold mine near Policarpa in Colombia’s Nariño department has killed 13 workers and injured seven, after a night-time landslide buried crews who were later recovered by firefighters and residents using excavators. Local authorities have not confirmed whether the operation had mining permits, despite witnesses saying around 50 people, mainly from the Quillacinga Indigenous group and including four victims from one family, regularly worked the site. The incident again exposes geotechnical and safety risks at Colombia’s largely unregulated artisanal and illegal gold mines, which involve an estimated 200,000–400,000 people.

B&O Developments and director Sanjay Swaminaryan were fined at City of London Magistrates’ Court after members of the public reported unsafe roof work on a Kings Cross site to the Health and Safety Executive. The prosecution centred on workers operating at height without adequate edge protection or fall-arrest systems, breaching the Work at Height Regulations 2005. The case signals that HSE will act on public reports of poor temporary access, scaffolding and roof-work controls, with direct implications for contractors’ site supervision and CDM compliance.

Venezuela’s government and opposition have agreed to jointly seek the return of about 31 tonnes of gold, worth roughly US$4.4 billion, held in the Bank of England’s vaults beneath Threadneedle Street to fund reconstruction after June’s earthquakes that killed more than 6,000 people and damaged homes, hospitals and infrastructure. The bullion, about one-fifth of Venezuela’s reported 161-tonne reserves in 2018, has been frozen since 2018 amid UK recognition of Juan Guaidó over Nicolás Maduro. Any release is expected to involve complex UK court proceedings and strict transparency safeguards on reconstruction spending.

Asbestos management consultancy Acorn Analytical Services has expanded its contracts team, promoting long-serving staff member David Kelsey to senior contracts manager and elevating Ellis Bastable and Charlie Dalby to contracts managers. Kelsey, one of Acorn’s first full-time employees with nearly 13 years’ service, will oversee the contracts department, manage two contracts managers and ensure nationwide deployment of asbestos analysts. Bastable and Dalby, both former asbestos analysts who gained BOHS P402 surveying qualifications, will now manage client asbestos portfolios, coordinate removal works and arrange analytical support.

A 15‑year review of the Environment Agency’s Thames Estuary 2100 (TE2100) Plan finds sea levels in the estuary are rising faster than earlier design assumptions, putting additional pressure on the 520‑square‑kilometre flood risk management area. The findings are expected to trigger earlier or more extensive upgrades to defences including the Thames Barrier, raised tidal walls and embankments, and secondary barriers on tributaries. For geotechnical and civil engineers, this signals a need to revisit crest levels, overtopping criteria, and foundation performance under higher hydraulic loading over the plan horizon to 2100.

Fourteen illegal chrome miners were found dead and at least eight injured after a cave-in near an abandoned shaft by the Nkaneng informal settlement, close to Marikana in South Africa’s North West province, with the collapse estimated around 21:00 on Monday. Police have intensified action against illegal chrome operations in the province, seizing 20 trucks and 15 excavators over the past two years and arresting survivors on suspicion of illegal mining. The incident underlines ongoing geotechnical and safety risks where informal miners re-enter abandoned gold, platinum and chrome workings without ground support or regulated access control.

A worker at the Sellafield nuclear decommissioning site “died suddenly” during the week commencing 6 July, prompting an immediate review by the Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR). ONR has confirmed the death was not work-related and that there was no radiological or conventional safety incident affecting the wider site. Routine regulatory oversight of Sellafield’s legacy waste facilities, spent fuel management and construction activities continues unchanged, with no impact reported on nuclear safety cases or site operations.

The British Geological Survey has launched a four‑year ground investigation of the River Tweed catchment to characterise groundwater behaviour and its interaction with river levels for improved flood forecasting. Work will include installing new monitoring boreholes, logging groundwater heads and flow paths, and integrating hydrogeological data with existing river‑gauge and rainfall records across the cross‑border catchment. Findings are expected to refine flood models used by local authorities and infrastructure owners, particularly for groundwater‑dominated flood events and prolonged saturation of transport and drainage assets.

Wildfire seasons in Western Canada are intensifying, with 2023 seeing more than 2,240 fires burning 2.84 million hectares in B.C. and insured losses of $720 million in the Okanagan/Shuswap and $1.3 billion from the 2024 Jasper fire, forcing repeated evacuations at sites such as Artemis Gold’s Blackwater and Cameco’s Cigar Lake. Operators and insurers are now treating wildfire as a core business-interruption risk, driving investment in backup generation for long transmission corridors, detailed continuity planning, and stricter underwriting. Engineers are also redesigning mine layouts and buildings for fire, favouring sites on ridge tops, wider building separation, non-combustible steel roofing and use of natural and linear infrastructure firebreaks.

National Trust and United Utilities are installing a series of timber “leaky dams” on moorland and farmland above the Stubbins Estate in Lancashire in a two‑year natural flood management programme to slow runoff into the River Irwell. The structures are designed to back up high flows in small headwater channels while allowing baseflow to pass, temporarily storing stormwater on the floodplain and in upstream depressions. For civil and drainage engineers, the scheme signals continued deployment of low‑cost, nature‑based attenuation measures alongside conventional hard‑engineered defences in upland catchments.

Construction recorded the highest number of worker fatalities in Britain in 2025/26, according to new Health and Safety Executive (HSE) figures on work-related deaths. Although absolute numbers are not yet broken down publicly by sub-sector, the data place construction ahead of manufacturing, agriculture and waste, continuing a long-term pattern of disproportionate risk. The figures will sharpen scrutiny of temporary works design, work-at-height controls and plant–people interface management on sites, particularly for SMEs and subcontractor-heavy projects.

A sinkhole roughly 8–10 m wide and several metres deep has opened on the AJ Burkitt Reserve sporting oval in Heidelberg, directly adjacent to the North East Link tunnel alignment in Melbourne’s northeast. Victorian Infrastructure Delivery Authority has confirmed the “surface hole” is in the vicinity of active tunnelling operations, leading to a work pause while engineers and emergency crews carry out geotechnical investigations and monitoring. No injuries or structural damage have been reported, but the area remains fully cordoned off pending cause determination and stability assessment.

Recent major earthquakes in Venezuela and the southern Philippines have exposed how delayed mapping of landslides and liquefaction can mask the worst damage for days, especially in remote mountain valleys and low-lying coastal plains. Geoscientists are pushing for rapid post-event zonation using satellite interferometry, UAV photogrammetry and pre-existing susceptibility maps to identify blocked river valleys, buried roads and lateral spreading along reclaimed or alluvial ground. For geotechnical teams, this means integrating near-real-time remote sensing with ground reconnaissance to prioritise slope stabilisation, bridge access and lifeline corridor repairs.

A joint venture contractor on HS2 has been fined £400,000 after a 20 t tipper truck left the edge of an excavation ramp, leaving the driver with multiple serious injuries. The incident involved a temporary earthworks access ramp where the truck overran the unprotected edge and rolled into the excavation. The case signals renewed scrutiny of haul road and ramp design, edge protection, and traffic management on major UK infrastructure sites, particularly for heavy earthmoving plant.

Two shallow earthquakes of magnitude 7.1 and 6.8 struck near Caracas and La Guaira within hours, collapsing mid‑rise reinforced concrete apartment blocks and older unreinforced masonry in hillside barrios, with hundreds confirmed dead and thousands displaced. Liquefaction, lateral spreading and rockfalls have damaged key transport links, including sections of the Caracas–La Guaira motorway and port access roads, complicating access for rescue equipment and temporary shoring. Geotechnical teams are racing to assess slope stability on steep, weathered tropical soils and to prioritise demolition versus retrofit of heavily cracked shear‑wall structures.

Calls are growing for the UK Government to consult coastal erosion communities more regularly when updating Shoreline Management Plans (SMPs), which guide long-term decisions on hold-the-line, managed realignment and no-active-intervention policies. Local authorities and residents argue that current SMP review cycles and engagement processes do not adequately reflect rapid cliff retreat, increased storm surge impacts and changing sediment transport patterns on vulnerable frontages. More frequent, structured consultation could influence choices on hard defences versus nature-based solutions, funding priorities and property loss compensation frameworks.

EDF and Trillium Flow Services UK have each received two improvement notices from the Office for Nuclear Regulation over asbestos-related shortfalls at the Torness nuclear power station in East Lothian, Scotland. ONR inspectors identified deficiencies in how asbestos-containing materials were identified and controlled during maintenance activities, prompting formal enforcement action. Contractors and asset owners working on ageing nuclear infrastructure should expect closer scrutiny of asbestos registers, method statements and supervision where legacy insulation and gaskets remain in service.

Farm machinery and agricultural vehicles have struck overhead powerlines and other electrical assets 22 times in the past 12 months in the North West of England, prompting a formal safety warning from the regional network operator. Incidents typically involve high-reach kit such as telehandlers, slurry tankers and combine harvesters contacting 11kV and 33kV lines on field margins and farm access tracks. Civil and farm infrastructure designers are being urged to review clearance envelopes, access road alignments and signage to reduce strike risk during peak harvesting and slurry-spreading operations.

Temporary platform collapse on a Roots Contractors Limited site left drilling operative Steve Zschoch with a fractured neck after he was “folded up like a concertina” beneath the failed structure while working for subcontractor Diacutt Limited. Both firms have now been fined for safety failings relating to the design, installation and verification of the temporary working platform, which was being used for drilling operations. The case reinforces the need for formal temporary works design checks, competent supervision and load-path verification for access platforms on small civil and infrastructure projects.

Improvement notices have been served by the Office for Nuclear Regulation to EDF and Trillium Flow Services UK Ltd after potential asbestos exposure during a March 2026 valve overhaul on the steam system at Torness Nuclear Power Station, East Lothian. ONR found asbestos had been identified and removed from a similar valve in 2024 but not entered into the site asbestos register, which is meant to be the central record for location and condition of asbestos and was reportedly not consistently consulted in maintenance planning. EDF has suspended all in-house asbestos removal while it addresses failures under the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 and Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012, with Trillium also cited for inadequate work-log close-out and pre-maintenance asbestos assessment.

Esso has been fined £1M by the UK Health and Safety Executive after 2.4t of highly flammable liquefied petroleum gas leaked from ageing plant at ExxonMobil’s Fawley Refinery due to failures in managing equipment integrity. The incident, which exposed workers to “life-threatening risks”, stemmed from inadequate inspection and maintenance of pipework and associated fittings in a hazardous area of the site. Process safety engineers and asset managers are likely to face closer scrutiny of inspection regimes, corrosion monitoring, and lifecycle replacement strategies for high-pressure LPG systems.

Sinkholes discovered by Network Rail engineers on a rail bridge outside Purley have forced the closure of all lines between Purley and East Croydon, severing direct rail links between central London and Gatwick Airport. The defect was identified during planned engineering works, prompting immediate suspension of services on this key section of the Brighton Main Line. Geotechnical teams now face urgent investigation of foundation conditions and void extent beneath the bridge, with stabilisation and monitoring requirements likely to dictate the duration of disruption.

£50M of government funding has been pledged to upgrade flood resilience in Somerset after “severe” winter flooding earlier this year. The package is expected to support works such as raising and strengthening existing earth embankments on the Somerset Levels, improving pump stations and sluices on key drainage rhynes, and expanding temporary and permanent flood storage. For civil and geotechnical teams, the focus will be on embankment stability in saturated ground, long-term seepage control, and designing assets for more frequent high-intensity rainfall.

A magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck offshore Mindanao, Philippines, at a depth of about 32 km, killing at least 19 people and injuring more than 130 across Surigao del Sur, Davao Oriental and neighbouring provinces. Strong shaking triggered widespread liquefaction, lateral spreading and coastal slope failures, damaging bridges, port facilities and low-rise reinforced concrete buildings with soft-storey behaviour. Engineers are prioritising rapid assessment of pile-supported structures on reclaimed land, stability of coastal embankments and the integrity of lifeline corridors linking key mining and agricultural areas.

South West Water has been fined £1.85M at Exeter Magistrates’ Court after a Cryptosporidium contamination at the Hillhead treatment works left tens of thousands of Devon customers without potable tap water in summer 2026. The DWI prosecution centred on failures in disinfection and monitoring barriers required under the Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations, including inadequate protozoa control and delayed public notification. Other water companies are now ramping up enforcement and risk reviews of treatment works, with particular focus on UV systems, filtration integrity and contingency planning for microbial outbreaks.

Completion of the highest activity radioactive waste management programme at the Trawsfynydd nuclear power station in north Wales marks a key decommissioning milestone after roughly 20 years of work. High‑risk materials from the Magnox-era site have now been retrieved, conditioned and placed into shielded intermediate-level waste stores designed for long-term containment and future transfer to a geological disposal facility. The shift away from active waste handling allows decommissioning teams to focus on structural dismantling, civil works on reactor buildings and progressive reduction of radiological hazards on site.

CIRIA has issued a Good practice guide for managing climate change and extreme weather in land development, the first UK guidance to directly link projected climate impacts with physical changes in geotechnical and geoenvironmental conditions across the full project life cycle. Trigger events cited include the 2022 heatwave, which generated 23,000 subsidence claims and an estimated £219m payout by ABI members, and Storm Babet’s 2023 bridge collapses. The two-part guide combines current climate–geo risk knowledge with a practical framework, diagrams, tools, and case studies to structure consistent assessment of shrink–swell, flooding, groundwater shifts, and landslides.

Escalating extreme rainfall and glacial melt are driving more frequent floods and landslides in Nepal’s Himalayan districts, with Karnali Province’s steep, highly fractured slopes and narrow river valleys particularly exposed. Recent events include debris flows cutting off road access to remote settlements and riverbank erosion undermining gabion walls and informal river training works along the Karnali and Bheri rivers. Engineers are being pushed towards slope stabilisation with bioengineering, improved drainage, and relocation or elevation of critical infrastructure away from active channels and unstable colluvium.

The Climate Change Committee warns that the “British way of life” faces escalating risk from heat, flooding and drought, with the Institution of Civil Engineers backing calls for rapid, large‑scale adaptation of UK infrastructure. Priority actions flagged include upgrading urban drainage and flood defences for more intense cloudbursts, retrofitting buildings for sustained 40°C heat, and securing water supply resilience against multi‑year droughts. For civil and geotechnical engineers, this signals imminent pressure to redesign assets for higher hydraulic loads, thermal stresses and soil moisture variability within the next planning cycle.

Metropolitan Police say they remain on schedule to submit full Grenfell Tower fire charging files to the Crown Prosecution Service by the end of September, nearly 10 years after the 2017 disaster. The investigation has reviewed the roles of 15,000 individuals and 700 organisations, with 57 people and 20 organisations now suspected of offences including gross negligence manslaughter, misconduct in public office, fraud and health and safety breaches. Evidence gathered includes 165 million electronic files, 14,400 witness statements and over 27,000 physical exhibits such as cladding, insulation, doors and windows.

Annual UK asbestos-related deaths of around 5,000, cited by removal specialist Rhodar, are being used to warn that ageing building stock still contains extensive legacy asbestos in insulation boards, sprayed coatings and pipe lagging. The warning targets civil and infrastructure works on schools, hospitals and 1960s–80s public buildings, where intrusive refurbishments, drilling and core sampling risk disturbing poorly documented asbestos-containing materials. Engineers are being urged to tighten pre-construction surveys, update asbestos registers and enforce licensed removal and enclosure protocols on all invasive works.

A 10 August 2025 rockslide in Alaska’s Tracy Arm Fjord sent more than 64 million m³ of rock and debris into the water, generating a megatsunami with an estimated maximum run-up of about 481 m along the steep fjord walls, the second-highest recorded after Lituya Bay 1958. The failure was linked to support loss from South Sawyer Glacier’s retreat, with the narrow fjord geometry strongly amplifying wave heights. No casualties occurred, but the near miss for cruise traffic signals a rising landslide–tsunami hazard in deglaciating fjords that must be factored into navigation and infrastructure risk assessments.

Willow Services (Southern) Ltd has been fined £20,000 plus £5,607 costs at Westminster Magistrates’ Court after roofer Mark Smith fell approximately 11 feet through an unguarded loft hatch while re-roofing a house in Waterlooville on 13 May 2024, suffering fractures to his L1 vertebra and hip. HSE investigators found the company had not planned the work at height, failed to install basic fall prevention around the loft opening, and provided no competent supervision. The case signals continued strict enforcement of Regulation 4(1) of the Work at Height Regulations 2005 on small contractors.

Government is close to choosing a site for the UK’s deep geological disposal facility (GDF) for higher-activity radioactive waste, with NCE reporting that a decision is expected “soon” after several years of community partnerships and site evaluations. The GDF is planned hundreds of metres below ground in stable rock, using multi‑barrier engineered and geological containment for spent fuel and intermediate-level waste currently stored at Sellafield and other sites. A location decision will trigger detailed site characterisation, including long-term hydrogeological modelling, seismic risk assessment and underground repository design.

BHP has been denied permission by London’s Court of Appeal to challenge a High Court ruling that found it liable under Brazilian law for the 2015 Fundão tailings dam collapse at the Samarco iron ore operation in Mariana, which killed 19 people and contaminated the Rio Doce for hundreds of kilometres. The decision clears the way for a two-year UK damages process, with a Stage 2 compensation trial scheduled for April 2027 and final awards potentially extending beyond 2030. BHP points to a roughly $32 billion Brazil settlement and remediation programmes that have already compensated more than 625,000 people, with about 240,000 claimants discontinuing UK claims after indemnification in Brazil.

Flood and coastal defence assets are facing mounting maintenance backlogs as ageing embankments, culverts and sea walls are exposed to more frequent, higher-intensity storm events. Experts warn that current operational budgets and short funding cycles prevent timely renewal of critical structures such as tidal barriers, pumping stations and flap valves, increasing failure risk under extreme water levels. They call for a shift from reactive patch repairs to long-term, whole-life asset management with multi-year funding settlements to support planned inspections, resilience upgrades and adaptive design.

A disused UK carbon dioxide production plant has been recommissioned by the government to address a CO2 shortage triggered by the Iran conflict, with officials calling the gas “vital” for safe nuclear power station operation. CO2 is required for reactor systems such as coolant circuits, pressurisation and fire suppression, making supply-chain resilience a direct nuclear safety and availability issue. Engineers should expect renewed scrutiny of single-point vulnerabilities in industrial gas logistics and potential retrofits to diversify on-site CO2 storage and backup supply routes.

Pilbara Ports handled 63.7Mt of cargo in March 2026, an 8 per cent drop year-on-year after Cyclone Narelle forced temporary closures at Port Hedland, Dampier and Ashburton. Iron ore exports from Port Hedland, which typically exceed 50Mt per month, were most affected as shipping channels and berths underwent post-cyclone inspections and staggered re-openings under marine safety protocols. The disruption highlights the need for cyclone-resilient berth structures, dredged channel management and robust stockyard capacity planning across Pilbara export supply chains.

An AI-driven data analysis model has identified up to 1.2M buildings in England located outside existing flood defences and therefore exposed to future flood risk. The model combines Environment Agency flood maps with property location data to pinpoint undefended assets, including homes, critical infrastructure and commercial premises. For civil and geotechnical engineers, the findings signal pressure to prioritise resilience upgrades, reassess design flood levels and drainage capacity, and target nature-based or structural defences to specific high-risk clusters.

Workers at the Fukushima Daiichi and Fukushima Daini nuclear power plants were ordered to evacuate to higher ground on 20 April after offshore seismic activity triggered earthquake and tsunami warnings. Plant operations shifted to emergency protocols, with on-site staff moving from low-lying coastal facilities and seawall areas to designated elevated shelters above projected inundation levels. The incident reinforces the need for robust vertical evacuation routes, redundant power and cooling systems, and clear egress planning for nuclear and other critical coastal infrastructure in tsunami-prone regions.

EDF has been granted a six-week extension by the Office for Nuclear Regulation to comply with an improvement notice issued after an incident at the Hartlepool nuclear power plant that left workers hospitalised. The notice concerns shortcomings in safety management and procedural controls during operations at the AGR (advanced gas-cooled reactor) site, where strict radiological and conventional safety regimes are mandatory. Civil and nuclear engineers involved in plant maintenance and modification work can expect tighter scrutiny of method statements, permit-to-work systems and contractor oversight on similar UK nuclear facilities.

Completion of a three-year national programme to enhance UK surface water flood forecasting marks a step change in predicting intense, short-duration rainfall events that overwhelm urban drainage and highway networks. The upgraded capability is expected to give local authorities, highways agencies and emergency planners earlier, more location-specific warnings for pluvial flooding than existing river and coastal systems, supporting targeted deployment of temporary defences and road closures. For civil and drainage engineers, this should feed into more dynamic operation of combined sewers, attenuation basins and SuDS, and better calibration of design storms against real-time risk.

A magnitude 7.7 offshore earthquake struck northern Japan on 20 April 2026, generating initial tsunami waves up to 0.8 m and triggering warnings for possible 3 m run-up along the Pacific coast, rapid evacuations and temporary suspension of Shinkansen sections due to power loss. Inspections at Fukushima Daiichi and Fukushima Daini confirmed no operational abnormalities, with vertical evacuation routes enabling staff to move from seawall zones to elevated safe areas within minutes. For geotechnical and coastal engineers, the event tests post-2011 Tohoku upgrades, exposing ongoing overtopping risk and the need for conservative coastal defence design, redundant power and tightly integrated tsunami warning links.